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# iapct.org

International Association for Perceptual Control Theory

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## Posts

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- [IAPCT conference 2026](https://www.iapct.org/events/iapct-conference-2026/) - 36th IAPCT Conference – York, UK | October 7-10, 2026 + MOL practitioners meeting, October 12+13, near Manchester Welcome to the 36th IAPCT Conference and Annual Meeting, held near the historic city of York, UK, from October 7–10, 2026. Programme View the full programme (subject to change) on our schedule page. Tuesday 6 October —
- [IAPCT Conference 2026 Schedule](https://www.iapct.org/events/iapct-conference-2026-schedule/) - IAPCT conference 2026 - schedule
- [IAPCT conference Registration and Payment](https://www.iapct.org/events/iapct-conference-registration-and-payment/) - Registration & Membership Complete your registration in three steps: (1) fill in the registration form, (2) pay via PayPal, (3) become a member or renew your IAPCT membership if you haven't already. Step 1 — Fill in the registration form Online and in-person participants: Let us know you're coming and what you need. Register for
- [IAPCT members](https://www.iapct.org/iapct/members/) - IAPCT board members Eva de Hullu Open Universiteit. The Netherlands IAPCT PRESIDENT As assistant professor in the department of clinical psychology at the Open University in the Netherlands, I teach students therapeutic skills, heavily informed by Method of Levels therapy. I work with masters' students in applying perceptual control theory to improve our understanding of
- [Call for Proposals - IAPCT2026](https://www.iapct.org/events/call-for-proposals-iapct2026/) - The International Association for Perceptual Control Theory (IAPCT) Board welcomes your proposals for the 2026 conference. We invite submissions for individual presentations, workshops, symposium panel discussions, and other interactive formats.
- [Alles onder Controle - psychologie van binnenuit begrepen](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/alles-onder-controle-psychologie-van-binnenuit-begrepen/) - Eva de Hullu's book "Alles onder Controle" (Everything Under Control) has been published by Boom in June 2025. It's currently only available in Dutch but she's working on a translation. You can listen to the Dutch Introduction. The Invisible Force Behind All Our Behavior Control is much more than managing your environment or controlling your
- [35th  IAPCT Conference and 2025 Annual Meeting](https://www.iapct.org/events/2025-conference/) - We look back at a successful International Conference on Perceptual Control Theory from October 8-11, 2025, in the historic city of Zwolle, Netherlands, both online and in-person. Conference Format We are committed to making this conference accessible to our international community. The hybrid format will include: In-person sessions in Zwolle (capacity: 40-80 participants) Interactive online
- [IAPCT conference 2025 - schedule](https://www.iapct.org/events/iapct-conference-2025-schedule/) - IAPCT 2025 conference schedule
- [The Interdisciplinary Handbook of Perceptual Control Theory, Volume II: Living in the Loop](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/living_in_the_loop/) - Second volume of the Interdisciplinary Handbook of Perceptual Control Theory: Living in the Loop. Edited by Warren Mansell, Eva de Hullu, Vyv Huddy and Tom Scholte. Elsevier, 2023.
- [Newsletter](https://www.iapct.org/news/newsletter/) - Welcome to the Control Loop - the IAPCT newsletter. This newsletter shares updates on the latest developments in Perceptual Control Theory about every 2 months, and is skillfully put together by Hugo Cristo Sant'Anna, one of our new active members. We hope you enjoy this newsletter! Newsletter archive Subscribe to the Control Loop newsletter
- [The Method of Levels. How to do Psychotherapy Without Getting in the Way](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/the-method-of-levels-how-to-do-psychotherapy-without-getting-in-the-way-2/) - Timothy A. Carey "I've just finished the Method of Levels, and I'm astonished, delighted, and inspired. I was a psychotherapist for many years, using a variety of approaches (predominantly Gestalt Therapy, several versions of family therapy, and more recently Psychology of Mind), and while my clients were often happy with the results, I frequently wasn't.
- [PCT Conversations](https://www.iapct.org/social/pct-conversations/) - PCT conversations: small online group meetings to discuss topics related to PCT or from a PCT standpoint. Join in to share your questions, ideas, research, and experiences with PCT. This can include a broad range of topics related to the various aspects and themes. Colleagues from different backgrounds and levels of expertise are most welcome
- [Quick guide to getting started with PCT](https://www.iapct.org/pct/introduction/quick-guide-to-getting-started-with-pct/) - Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) has been around for over 50 years, leaving a trail of papers, books, websites, posts, conversations, videos all over the web. This is a quick guide to get started with the most basic materials: introductory texts, books, demonstrations, papers, websites and finding others interested in PCT. Welcome!
- [Psychwire: Gaining a healthy sense of control](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/psychwire-gaining-a-healthy-sense-of-control/) - Warren Mansell When people feel like they aren’t in control of their lives, or they become too controlling, this can cause psychological problems. ASK expert in Perceptual Control Theory, Dr Warren Mansell, why finding the right balance is key. Psychwire (Jan 2023) Access to the full interview: https://psychwire.com/ask/topics/1polt1l/ask-about-gaining-a-healthy-sense-of-control
- [The Method of Levels: a Cognitive-Therapy synthesis](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/the-method-of-levels-a-cognitive-therapy-synthesis/) - William T. Powers (2010) PCTMOL2Download
- [34th IAPCT Conference and 2024 Annual Meeting](https://www.iapct.org/events/2024-conference/) - Join us for the International Conference on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) from November 13-15, 2024, with an additional annual meeting for IAPCT members & enthusiasts on November 18. This hybrid event offers both online and face-to-face programming in Perth, Australia, featuring a diverse range of speakers and topics.
- [Local Minima Drive Communications in Cooperative Interaction](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/local-minima-drive-communications-in-cooperative-interaction/) - Roger K. Moore (2023) Abstract: An important open question in human-robot interaction (HRI) is precisely when an agent should decide to communicate, particularly in a cooperative task. Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) tells us that agents are able to cooperate on a joint task simply by sharing the same 'intention', thereby distributing the effort required to
- [Perceptual Control Theory Demonstrations](https://www.iapct.org/demonstrations/perceptual-control-theory-demonstrations/) - List of sources (on iapct.org and externally) demonstrating various aspects of perceptual control. Some demos (Java) work well in your browser, while others need to be installed. Adam Matic’s demo programs for your browser are Java versions of Powers’ original DOS programs and tutorials such as Living Control Systems III. http://www.pct-labs.com/ Rick Marken's collection of
- [Regression periods in human infancy](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/regression-periods-in-human-infancy/) - Editor: Heimann, Mikael Heimann, Mikael, ed. (2003). Regression periods in human infancy. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. ISBN 978-0805840988. Abstract Regression periods play a central role in the psychological development of the human baby. Studies of infants have identified 10 periods of regression, or a return to a high frequency of mother-infant contact, within the first 20
- [The wonder weeks: A stress-free guide to your baby's behavior](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/the-wonder-weeks-a-stress-free-guide-to-your-babys-behavior/) - Authors: Plas-Plooij, Xaviera; Plooij, Frans X.; Rijt-Plooij, Hetty van de. Plas-Plooij, Xaviera; Plooij, Frans X.; Rijt-Plooij, Hetty van de (2019). The wonder weeks: A stress-free guide to your baby's behavior (6 ed.). New York: The Countryman Press (Norton). ISBN 978-1-68268-427-6. Everything a new parent needs to know about their baby’s 10 magical “leaps”—and when to
- [Your Behavior: A Concise Guide Aimed at Helping You Understand and Change the Things You Do](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/your-behavior-a-concise-guide-aimed-at-helping-you-understand-and-change-the-things-you-do/) - By Richard H. Pfau Preface As its title indicates, this is a concise guide aimed at helping you to understand and change your behavior. In contrast to many publications, what follows is based on a scientific approach - one called Perceptual Control Theory. As you will see, the quotes provided are from the book Your
- [Living Control Systems III - The Fact of Control](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/living-control-systems-iii-the-fact-of-control/) - Book + demonstration programs by William T. Powers (2008) Living Control Systems III continues Powers' revolutionary approach to understanding living organisms as purposeful agents whose actions serve to control their environments. A unique feature of the book is the accompanying computer programs where Powers `puts his models where his mouth is,' graphically demonstrating how negative
- [A Foundational Explanation of Human Behavior](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/a-foundational-explanation-of-human-behavior/) - Bartley J. Madden Conventional psychology says your brain fits stimuli into a symbolic map of the world and calculates actions in response, an idea established in the early days of computers. But actually, even a well-designed robot doesn’t work that way. The better explanation is that your brain controls input perceptions through actions to reduce
- [Bruce Abbott](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/bruce-abbott/) - Professor of psychology at Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW), collaborated with Bill Powers on Windows programs for Bill’s 2008 book Living Control Systems III. Those programs are held in this repository, together with another of other computer programs that were developed to highlight various aspects of PCT.
- [MindReadings.com](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/mindreadings-com/) - Rick Marken's website features books, articles, demonstrations and other learning materials. The demonstrations are programmed to run using a web-browser.
- [PCT-labs.com](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/pct-labs/) - er are Java versions of Powers’ original DOS programs and tutorials, with more conversions to come, such as Living Control Systems III.
- [Computational Models](https://www.iapct.org/themes/computational-models/) - Quick links on Computational Models: Computational Models on IAPCT´s Discourse Computational Models on CSGnet Archive
- [Religion](https://www.iapct.org/themes/religion/religion/) - At present the application of PCT to Religion is also at its early stages. One exception is Lynndal Daniels’ blog on PCT and Buddhism, which links the Method of Levels, a psychotherapy that is a direct application of Perceptual Control Theory, with the reduction of suffering, a basic Buddhist concept. Another is Richard Pfau’s paper on “Perceptual Control Theory’s Congruence with
- [PCT Tutorials and Simulations](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/pct-tutorials-and-simulations/) - NOTE: Bill Powers’s work Living Control Systems III : The Fact of Control (2008) with updated Windows programs is recommended. These programs and the book explaining them provide an excellent introduction to PCT. The programs themselves are superior in many ways to the programs discussed below. Here is a link to the book. This web page features programs created
- [UTC-7 Los Angeles / Vancouver Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc-7-la-vancouver-time-zone/) - Back to Conference Main Page
- [UTC+9 Japan Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc9-japan-time-zone/) - Back to Conference Main Page
- [UTC+1 United Kingdom Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc1-united-kingdom-time-zone/) - Back to Conference Main Page
- [33rd IAPCT Conference and 2023 Annual Meeting](https://www.iapct.org/events/2023-conference/) - 12-14th of October 2023, we’ll have our 33rd annual IAPCT conference, online.
- [UTC+5 Pakistan Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc5-pakistan-time-zone/) - Back to Conference Main Page
- [UTC Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc-time-zone/) - Back to Conference Main Page
- [UTC+13 New Zealand Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc13-new-zealand-time-zone/) - Back to Conference Main Page
- [UTC+8 Perth Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc8-perth-time-zone/) - Back to Conference Main Page
- [UTC+2 Netherlands Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc2-netherlands-time-zone/) - Back to Conference Main Page
- [UTC-3 Buenos Aires - Brasilia Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc-3-buenos-aires-brasilia-time-zone/) - Pre-Conference. Buenos Aires, October 7th. In Spanish Pre-Conference Schedule Pre-Conference Registration Conference Schedule Back to Conference Main Page
- [UTC-4 Boston Time Zone](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/utc-4-boston-time-zone/) - Back to Conference Main Page
- [Rethinking Secondary Mental Healthcare. A Perceptual Control Theory Perspective](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/rethinking-secondary-mental-healthcare-a-perceptual-control-theory-perspective/) - Robert Griffiths, Vyv Huddy, Stuart Eaton, Jasmine Waldorf, Warren Mansell ABSTRACT This book considers how principles derived from a theory of human behaviour - Perceptual Control Theory - can be configured to create mental health services that are more effective, efficient, and humane. Authored by clinicians, academics, and experts-by-experience, the text explores the way Perceptual
- [MOL accreditation](https://www.iapct.org/themes/method-of-levels/mol-accreditation/) - Background Since 2021, we have been working on the development of an accreditation procedure for Method of Levels practitioners. Our objective is to shape the procedure according to Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) principles and provide a way that MoL therapists and practitioners all over the world can develop, test and prove their proficiency in Method
- [MOLFI: Measuring MOL adherence](https://www.iapct.org/themes/method-of-levels/molfi/) - Using the MOLFI With the help and suggestions of MOL trainers, students, practitioners and PCT experts we have developed an instrument that is now ready to use: the MOLFI (Method of Levels Feedback Instrument). The MOLFI consists of one sheet with questions, preceded by a short instruction. An extensive instruction, which will be updated in
- [David M. Goldstein](https://www.iapct.org/in-memoriam/david-m-goldstein/) - The following is from Richard S. Marken: Dr. David M. Goldstein, an early and enthusiastic supporter of PCT-- his support began in 1980 – passed away on October 5, 2022. David was a colleague of Tom Bourbon – also an early and great supporter of PCT – at Stephen F. Austin State University. Tom pointed
- [Perceptual Control and Human Data Fusion](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/perceptual-control-and-human-data-fusion/) - Martin Taylor Outline: Human Data Fusion 1. Introduction to concepts of Perceptual Control Theory.2. The Perceptual Control Hierarchy: Conflict and Learning.3. Information overload and modes of human perception.4. Side Effects of Perceptual Control: Stealth and Deception.5. Communication between "intelligent" entities. This report is an annotation of slides used in a presentation to the Joint Directors
- [Review of Living Control Systems III: The Fact of Control (by Nature/Vol 456/2008)](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/review-of-living-control-systems-iii-the-fact-of-control-by-nature-vol-456-2008/) - Nature
- [Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) Applied to Personality, Psychotherapy, and Psychopathology](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/perceptual-control-theory-pct-applied-to-personality-psychotherapy-and-psychopathology/) - David M. Goldstein (2011) Goldsteinetal2011Download
- [Control Theory & Experimental Psychology](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/control-theory-experimental-psychology/) - Richard Marken (2010)
- [Quantitative Analysis of Purposive Systems: Some Spadeworkat the Foundations of Scientific Psychology](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/quantitative-analysis-of-purposive-systems-some-spadeworkat-the-foundations-of-scientific-psychology/) - William T. Powers (1978) Powers1978Download
- [Seeing oneself in one’s choices: Construal level and self-pertinence of electoral and consumer decisions](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/seeing-oneself-in-ones-choices-construal-level-and-self-pertinence-of-electoral-and-consumer-decisions/) - Antonio L. Freitas, Karen L. Langsam, Sheri Clark, Scott J. Moeller (2008) freitas_langsam_clark_moeller2008-3
- [‘EUREKA!’](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/eureka/) - Philip McNamee (2011) EurekaMomentDownload
- [Doing Research on Purpose](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/doing-research-on-purpose/) - Richard S. Marken (2014) The core of the book are six papers by Dr. Richard S. Marken which have been published in peer reviewed journals over the past decade explaining why Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) offers the most promising approach to understanding behavior to date, and lays the foundation for a true science of psychology.
- [A General Feedback Theory of Human Behavior: Part I and Part II](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/a-general-feedback-theory-of-human-behavior-part-i-and-part-ii/) - W. T. Powers, R. K. Clarck and R. L. McFarland (1960) Powers1960-part1-1Download Powers-et-al-1960-part2Download
- [Perceptual Control Theory Introduction](https://www.iapct.org/pct/introduction/perceptual-control-theory-introduction/) - Cloak, 2008
- [Journal on Perceptual Control Theory Vol1 No 1, 1999](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/journal-on-perceptual-control-theory-vol1-no-1-1999/) - An experiment with a simple method for controlling an invertedpendulum William T. Powers Powers.pend_.jp9911pDownload
- [Journal on Perceptual Control Theory Vol 1 No 1, 1999](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/journal-on-perceptual-control-theory-vol-1-no-1-1999/) - Control of a multi-legged robot based on hierarchical PCT Richard Kennaway Kennaway.bug_.jp9913pDownload
- [Journal on Perceptual Control Theory Vol 1 No 1, 1999](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/journal-on-perceptual-control-theory-vol-1-no-1-1999-2/) - Towards a control model of object recognition R.Young and J. Illingworth Young.recog_.jp9912pDownload
- [Journal on Perceptual Control Theory Vol1 No 1, 1999](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/journal-on-perceptual-control-theory-vol1-no-1-1999-2/) - A PCT Model of Human Oculomotor ControlPart 1: Basic Outlines Wolfgang Zocher Zocher.Oculomotor.jp9914pDownload
- [Journal on Perceptual Control Theory Vol1 No 1, 1999](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/journal-on-perceptual-control-theory-vol1-no-1-1999-3/) - SCICOS - A dynamic system builder and simulator Wolfgang Zocher Zocher.SCICOS.jp9915oDownload
- [Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Approaches to a Science of Life](https://www.iapct.org/pct/introduction/dialogue-concerning-the-two-chief-approaches-to-a-science-of-life/) - Word Pictures and Correlations versus Working Models Dag Forssell (2011) Dialogue_letterDownload
- [Dissemination of PCT 2010](https://www.iapct.org/pct/introduction/dissemination-of-pct-2010/) - An Email Discussion PCTDiscussionDownload
- [Festschrift for William T. Powers](https://www.iapct.org/pct/bill-powers/festschrift-for-william-t-powers/) - est·schriftPronunciation: 'fes(t)-"shrift Etymology: German, from Fest celebration + Schrift writingDate: 1898: a volume of writings by different authors presented as a tribute or memorial, especially to a scholar Introduction The William T. Powers Festschrift is a contribution by persons influenced by the work of William T. Powers in honor of the 30th anniversary of the
- [William T. Powers](https://www.iapct.org/in-memoriam/william-t-powers/) - Tributes to Bill upon his passing William T. Powers, the engineer/psychologist who developed Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) passed away on May 24, 2013 at the age of 86. He will be laid to rest next to his wife, Mary, in a cemetery overlooking the city of Durango, CO. His work will continue, pursued by those
- [What students are saying about PCT](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/what-students-are-saying-about-pct/) - Perceptual Control Theory is taught at the University of Manchester as a component of the Psychology degree. In a student group research project, we have analysed the facilitaors and obstacles to learning PCT - click here for the pdf. These quotes have been provided by our students over the last 4 years: “PCT as a theory inspires
- [The Principles of Perceptual Control Theory (PCT)](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/the-principles-of-perceptual-control-theory-pct/) - Warren Mansell
- [Classification of Psychopathology and Unified Theory](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/classification-of-psychopathology-and-unified-theory/) - Warren Mansell
- [Psychology](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/psychology/) - In explaining how living things control their perception, PCT is clearly highly relevant to psychology. Contemporary articles are making the case to the wider establishment that closed-loop, circular causality is much closer to how living systems actually function than the approach researchers still use.
- [Robotics & Artificial Intelligence](https://www.iapct.org/themes/robotics-and-ai/robotics-artificial-intelligence/) - PCT is emerging as a force in robotics. PCT lends itself well to the fields of artificial intelligence and robotics because it provides an exact mathematical framework to model psychological processes.
- [Towards a control model of object recognition](https://www.iapct.org/themes/robotics-and-ai/towards-a-control-model-of-object-recognition/) - R. Young and J. Illingworth RecognitionDownload
- [Living Control Systems II](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/living-control-systems-ii/) - About Bill Powers Contents Page Foreword, W. Thomas Bourbon Preface, William T. Powers xv A Note on the Text, Gregory Williams xvii Some Implications of Feedback Theory Concerning Behavior 1 The Wiener Feedback Model—A Strategic Error 11 Emotion 31 An Experiment with Levels 41 The Illusion of Control 55 Control Theory for Sociology 67 CT
- [PRESENCE: A human-inspired architecture for speech-based human-machine interaction,](https://www.iapct.org/themes/robotics-and-ai/presence-a-human-inspired-architecture-for-speech-based-human-machine-interaction/) - Moore, Roger K. (2007) Moore_42799Download
- [BYTE Articles](https://www.iapct.org/themes/robotics-and-ai/byte-articles/) - The BYTE articles are a book unto themselves – a four-part introduction to PCT and modeling.
- [Synthetic Animation of Deaf Signing Gestures](https://www.iapct.org/themes/robotics-and-ai/synthetic-animation-of-deaf-signing-gestures/) - Richard Kennaway RK-GW2001Download
- [REACTIVE SPEECH SYNTHESIS: ACTIVELY MANAGING PHONETIC CONTRAST ALONG AN H&H CONTINUUM](https://www.iapct.org/themes/robotics-and-ai/reactive-speech-synthesis-actively-managing-phonetic-contrast-along-an-hh-continuum/) - Roger K. Moore, Mauro Nicolao downloadDownload
- [About William T. (Bill) Powers](https://www.iapct.org/pct/bill-powers/about-william-t-bill-powers/) - August 29, 1026 - May 24, 2013 Bill provided this autobiographical sketch in July, 2006: I was in the Navy from age 17 to 19 (1944 to 1946), which is where I learned electronics, had my first experiences with repairing and maintaining various kinds of servomechanisms, and learned some basic feedback theory. I went
- [Politics and Philosophy - a PCT introduction](https://www.iapct.org/themes/sociology-philosophy/politics-philosophy/) - PCT takes a strongly scientific approach to human nature. It proposes that people and other living systems are purposeful – and that the systems that are responsible for purposeful action are explainable in mechanistic terms.
- [Sociology - a PCT introduction](https://www.iapct.org/themes/sociology/) - Sociology involves understanding how people behave in groups, including how they communicate and interact with one another. PCT provides a way to understand how people’s goals operate when in groups, and we can use computers to model how more than one control system interacts in a group setting. The Crowd Demonstration link illustrates this. Each
- [The Communication Theory Model and Economics](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/the-communication-theory-model-and-economics/) - Samuel Bagno ©1955 IRE (now IEEE). Reprinted, with permission, from IRE Convention Record, 1955 Part 4 "Computers, Information Theory, Automatic Control.This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective
- [Fitting data to models](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/fitting-data-to-models/) - Martin M. Taylor (1995) Fitting data to models, Presentation to CSG 2005 CSG2005bFittingDataDownload
- [Principles for Intelligent Human-Computer Interaction](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/principles-for-intelligent-human-computer-interaction/) - Martin Taylor (1992) Principles for intelligent human-computer interaction: a tutorial on layered protocol theory., DCIEM Report 93-32, Dept. Nat. Defence Canada. Paris-TutorialDownload
- [THE PROBLEM OF STIMULUS STRUCTURE IN THE BEHAVIOURAL THEORY OF PERCEPTION](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/the-problem-of-stimulus-structure-in-the-behavioural-theory-of-perception/) - Martin Taylor (1993) OCR from scan of South African Journal of Psychology, 1973, 3, 23-45 M.M.TAYLOR. DCIEM, Box 2000, Downsview, Ontario ABSTRACT In J. G. Taylor's Behavioural Theory of Perception there is a problem in the description of the stimulus elements which enter into the conditionings which form the basis of perception. If individual receptor
- [Control by Individuals and Societies](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/control-by-individuals-and-societies/) - Martin Taylor (2005) In a 2005 presentation to the CSGnet Annual Meeting, I argued that protocols and collective control allow for the creation of organisations that are control systems, complete and entire, with people as their functions and protocols performed by people as their transmission channels, in the same way that neurons provide the functions
- [Law](https://www.iapct.org/themes/sociology-philosophy/law/) - At present, the application of PCT to Law is at its early stages. Hugh Gibbons is one exception. He has co-authored a biological model of human rights based around the tenets of PCT and he also illustrates a case using PCT in this book, "The Death of Jeffrey Stapleton", published online.
- [“Control and Purpose”A Scientific and Practical Statement in Response to the UK Riots](https://www.iapct.org/themes/sociology-philosophy/control-and-purposea-scientific-and-practical-statement-in-response-to-the-uk-riots/) - Warren Mansell, University of Manchester, UK (2011) LondonRiots-1Download
- [Radical Constructivism and PCT](https://www.iapct.org/themes/sociology-philosophy/radical-constructivism-and-pct/) - William T. Powers RadicalConstPCTDownload
- [Economics & Marketing](https://www.iapct.org/themes/economics-marketing/economics-marketing-2/) - To manage a successful business, you need to know what people want, how your business is perceived, and how to deal with people. It’s ripe for a PCT approach!
- [An Integrated Control Theory Model of Work Motivation](https://www.iapct.org/themes/economics-marketing/an-integrated-control-theory-model-of-work-motivation/) - Howard J. Klein Abstract A model that integrates several different motivational theories and previous control theory models is presented as a possible metatheory to focus future theoretical and empirical efforts. The proposed model is dynamic, parsimonious, and focuses on self-regulation and the underlying cognitive mechanisms of motivation. In explicating this model, numerous hypotheses are derived
- [A Multilevel Systems Model of Leadership](https://www.iapct.org/themes/economics-marketing/a-multilevel-systems-model-of-leadership/) - Angelo J. KinickiKathryn J. L. JacobsonBenjamin M. GalvinGregory E. Prussia AbstractThis study uses a control theory to develop a multilevel systems model of leadership. The model outlines the processes that senior leaders can use to influence others across hierarchical levels of management and clarifies the mechanisms that link leadership across levels of management—goal cascading, alignment,
- [H. Economicus: A Perceptual ControlSystem Model of the Economy](https://www.iapct.org/themes/economics-marketing/h-economicus-a-perceptual-controlsystem-model-of-the-economy/) - Richard S. Marken This paper describes a first step a building a working, closed-loop model of the macro economy. HModDownload LINK TO ORIGINAL SOURCE/WEB
- [Film, Media & Literature](https://www.iapct.org/themes/film-media-and-literature/film-media-literature-2/) - Spiritual truths, 21st Century Renaissance, Computer Games, Pop and Rock Music, & more!
- [Quotes from ‘Inception’ directed by Christopher Nolan](https://www.iapct.org/themes/film-media-and-literature/quotes-from-inception-directed-by-christopher-nolan/) - InceptionDownload
- [Supporting Organizations](https://www.iapct.org/iapct/supporting-organizations/) - Endorsing the IAPCT and Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) We are pleased to showcase organizations that have indicated their support and endorsement of the International Association for Perceptual Control Theory (IAPCT) and Perceptual Control Theory (PCT). With professionalism and a commitment to excellence, these organizations have embraced the transformative power of PCT, recognizing its profound impact.
- [Powers of Perceptual Control](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/powers-of-perceptual-control/) - Martin Taylor's ongoing book project describing the foundations of perceptual control theory and its many implications.
- [Martin Taylor](https://www.iapct.org/in-memoriam/in-memoriam_martin_taylor/) - Maurice Martin Taylor died in the afternoon of Friday 17 March 2023, after several months of terminal illness. His 87th birthday was nine months prior, on 14 June 2022. By temperament and by education Martin was well prepared for a creative career as a scientist. He was privileged in having exemplary forebears who employed their
- [Hugh Petrie](https://www.iapct.org/in-memoriam/hugh-petrie/) - Hugh Petrie was a friend and supporter in his positions at Northwestern University, the University of Illinois, and the University of Buffalo, where he was Dean of the School of Education. Bill Powers dedicated Behavior: The control of perception to him. Two of his books on PCT and education are available from Living Control Systems Publishing: Ways
- [Alice Powers McElhone](https://www.iapct.org/in-memoriam/alice-powers-mcelhone/) - Bill’s sister Alice died on 5/22/22 at age 92. I think she might have been amused at the numerical alliteration. Her big brother Bill (1926-2013) was three years older. Her daughter Barbara writes, "Alice ran her publishing company for many years, wrote and played music, raised four children and enjoyed their offspring. She was whip
- [Richard Robertson](https://www.iapct.org/in-memoriam/richard-robertson/) - Dick Robertson died on 24 March 2022. His son, Eric, wrote to us “in addition to believing in and supporting the work of the Control Systems Group, my Father greatly appreciated and valued the collaboration and friendships he got to enjoy with all of you over these many years. Thanks to all for that.” He
- [Allison Powers (Allie)](https://www.iapct.org/in-memoriam/allison-powers-allie/) - [The following is from Barbara Powers (Bara).] My sister, Alison Mary Powers (Allie) of Lafayette, CO (formerly of Northbrook, IL) passed peacefully in the early hours of January 31, 2021. After a years-long battle with cancer, she made the transition to the great beyond with her daughter Sarah, her sister Barb, and her close friend
- [How Basal Ganglia Outputs Generate Behavior](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/how-basal-ganglia-outputs-generate-behavior-2/) - Henry H. Yin 768313-4Download
- [When Outgoing and Incoming Signals Meet:<br>New Insights from the Zona Incerta](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/when-outgoing-and-incoming-signals-meetnew-insights-from-the-zona-incerta/) - Mathew E. Diamond, and Ehud Ahissar Open Archive DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.11.006 https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(07)00871-9?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0896627307008719%3Fshowall%3Dtrue PIIS0896627307008719Download
- [A Control System Approach to Cardiovascular Reactivity: Behavioral Models That Behave](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/a-control-system-approach-to-cardiovascular-reactivity-behavioral-models-that-behave/) - Raymond Pavloski (1989) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01953.x
- [Control Systems With a Priori Intentions Register Environmental Disturbances A Posteriori](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/control-systems-with-a-priori-intentions-register-environmental-disturbances-a-posteriori/) - Wayne A. Hershberger (1998) hershberger-1Download
- [BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR: HIERARCHY OF<br>FEEDBACK SYSTEMS AND CONTROL OF<br>INPUT](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/brain-and-behavior-hierarchy-offeedback-systems-and-control-ofinput/) - A. R. Cools Cools1985Download
- [Behavioral Variability in the Service of Constancy](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/behavioral-variability-in-the-service-of-constancy/) - Bell, Heather Christine Journal: International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 27(2)Permalink: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0ch4g2x6ISSN 0889-3675Publication Date 2014DOI 10.46867/ijcp.2014.27.02.02 qt0ch4g2x6-1Download Copyright InformationCopyright 2014 by the author(s).This work is made available under the terms of a CreativeCommons Attribution License, available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Peer reviewed
- [Perceptual basis of bimanual coordination](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/perceptual-basis-of-bimanual-coordination/) - Franz Mechsner, Dirk Kerzel, Günther Knoblich & Wolfgang Prinz Mechsner, F., Kerzel, D., Knoblich, G. et al. Perceptual basis of bimanual coordination. Nature 414, 69–73 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35102060 https://www.nature.com/articles/35102060
- [Control of Perception Should be Operationalized as a Fundamental Property of the Nervous System](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/control-of-perception-should-be-operationalized-as-a-fundamental-property-of-the-nervous-system/) - Warren Mansell First published: 17 March 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2011.01140.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2011.01140.x Topics-in-Cognitive-Science-2011-Mansell-Control-of-Perception-Should-be-Operationalized-as-a-Fundamental-Property-ofDownload
- [‘Coming Full Circle’: Is Control More Important Than Prediction?](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/coming-full-circle-is-control-more-important-than-prediction/) - Warren Mansell FeedforwardinPCTDownload
- [The Reafference Principle and Control Theory.](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/the-reafference-principle-and-control-theory-2/) - William T. Powers ReafferencePCTDownload
- [An "Artificial Cerebellum" Adaptive Stabilization of a Control System](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/an-artificial-cerebellum-adaptive-stabilization-of-a-control-system/) - William T. Powers Proceedings of the 1st European Workshop on Perceptual Control TheoryGregynog, The University of Wales23rd - 27th June 1994 Powers_cerebellumDownload
- [Behavior: The Control of Perception](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/behavior-the-control-of-perception/) - William T. Powers
- [Motor-Sensory Confluence in Tactile Perception](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/motor-sensory-confluence-in-tactile-perception/) - Avraham Saig,* Goren Gordon,* Eldad Assa, Amos Arieli, and Ehud Ahissar 14022 • The Journal of Neuroscience, October 3, 2012 • 32(40):14022–14032 https://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/40/14022.short 14022.full_Download
- [The origins of purpose: the first metasystem transitions](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/the-origins-of-purpose-the-first-metasystem-transitions/) - A proposal that the the emergence of negative feedback control and the emergence of life are the same thing. A picture emerges in which the basic principle of control runs like a unifying thread from the first living molecules to modern complex organisms.
- [The Neglected Phenomenon of Negative Feedback Control](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/the-neglected-phenomenon-of-negative-feedback-control/) - William T. Powers Control of perception has been reported at very basic levels of life. neglected_phenomenonDownload
- [New website](https://www.iapct.org/news/new-website/) - We proudly present to you our new IAPCT website. This site is build in wordpress by Eva de Hullu and Matias Salgado. The purpose of the site is to provide a web portal for knowledge about Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) to those new to the theory and those familiar with its history. The site will
- [Perceptual Control Theory<br>A Model for Understanding the<br>Mechanisms and Phenomena of Control](https://www.iapct.org/pct/perceptual-control-theorya-model-for-understanding-themechanisms-and-phenomena-of-control/) - An introduction to Perceptual Control Theory, contrasting it with basic ideas in contemporary science of psychology.
- [Take Control Course (Transdiagnostic & based on Perceptual Control Theory) compared to low-intesity CBT: a randomized noninferiority trial](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/take-control-course-transdiagnostic-based-on-perceptual-control-theory-compared-to-low-intesity-cbt-a-randomized-noninferiority-trial/) - Lydia Morrisa, Karina Lovellb, Phil McEvoyc, Richard Emsleyd, Lesley-Anne Cartere, Dawn Edgea, Rachel Batesc, Tanya Wallworkc and Warren Mansel In an RCT, the Take Control Course for up to 20 adults (transdiagnostic & based on perceptual control theory) was non-inferior to standard one-to-one low intensity psychological intervention Press release: https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/group-course-can-be-standard-treatment-for-anxiety-and-depression-trial-finds/ Full open access paper: A-brief-transdiagnostic-group-the-take-control-course-compared-to-individual-low-intensity-CBT-for-depression-and-anxiety-a-randomized-nonDownload
- [Teacher Adoption of Technology: A Perceptual Control Theory Perspective](https://www.iapct.org/themes/education/teacher-adoption-of-technology-a-perceptual-control-theory-perspective/) - GARY A. CZIKO (2001) Teacher Adoption of Technology: A Perceptual Control Theory Perspective.
- [Is Countercontrol the Key to Understanding Chronic Behavior Problems?](https://www.iapct.org/themes/education/is-countercontrol-the-key-to-understanding-chronic-behavior-problems/) - Timothy A. Carey and W. Thomas Bourbon https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10534512060420010201
- [Using PCT to develop Learning of Technology](https://www.iapct.org/themes/education/using-pct-to-develop-learning-of-technology/) - Marc Schwartz and Philip M. Sadler http://www.project2061.org/events/meetings/technology/tech2/schwartz-sadler.htm
- [How Basal Ganglia Outputs Generate Behavior](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/how-basal-ganglia-outputs-generate-behavior/) - Henry H. Yin 768313Download
- [William T. Powers critic of Optimal Control Theory](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/william-t-powers-critic-of-optimal-control-theory/) - William T. Powers (2011) OCTDownload
- [Heather Bell´s PCT simulation of distance control in rival animals](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/heather-bells-pct-simulation-of-distance-control-in-rival-animals/) - Heather C. Bell, Greg D. Bell, […], and Sergio M. Pellis (2015) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1059712315607606
- [Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates during Behavior](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/basal-ganglia-outputs-map-instantaneous-position-coordinates-during-behavior/) - Joseph W. Barter, Suellen Li, Tatyana Sukharnikova, Mark A. Rossi, Ryan A. Bartholomew, and Henry H. Yin (2015) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark-Rossi-5/publication/272165203_Basal_Ganglia_Outputs_Map_Instantaneous_Position_Coordinates_during_Behavior/links/54dcbf590cf25b09b912c829/Basal-Ganglia-Outputs-Map-Instantaneous-Position-Coordinates-during-Behavior.pdf
- [A PCT account of the Basal Ganglia](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/a-pct-account-of-the-basal-ganglia/) - Henry H. Yin (2016) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1073858416654115
- [Education](https://www.iapct.org/themes/education/education-2/) - Education is about more than teaching. Within education we need to know how to motivate students, how can we maximise the degree to which people learn, and often, how do we manage students or pupils when they don’t want to learn, or they disrupt others?
- [A control systems conceptualization of the goal-setting and changing process](https://www.iapct.org/themes/education/a-control-systems-conceptualization-of-the-goal-setting-and-changing-process/) - Michael A.Campion and Robert G. Lord https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0030507382902215
- [An Expanded Control Model for the Use of Instructional Feedback](https://www.iapct.org/themes/education/an-expanded-control-model-for-the-use-of-instructional-feedback/) - Hancock Thomas E., Thurman Richard A., and Hubbard David C. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0361476X85710284
- [Crisis intervention in Mental Health settings based on PCT](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/crisis-intervention-in-mental-health-settings-based-on-pct/) - Mark Lazare (April 2012) Lazare-Crisis-Interventions-PCTDownload
- [Mental health: integration is the key to the revolution - The Lancet](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/mental-health-integration-is-the-key-to-the-revolution-the-lancet/) - Timothy A. Carey (2013) Carey-Mental-Health-LancetDownload Article Link: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)62214-X/fulltext Article Info Publication History Published: 26 October 2013 Identification DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62214-X Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ScienceDirect Access this article on ScienceDirect
- [Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) Applied to<br>Personality, Psychotherapy,<br>and Psychopathology](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/perceptual-control-theory-pct-applied-topersonality-psychotherapyand-psychopathology/) - David M. Goldstein, John White, & William T. Powers (Dec 2011) Goldsteinetal2011Download
- [How Can Perceptual Control Theory Enhance the Practice of Psychological  Therapies? A working Bibliography](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/how-can-perceptual-control-theory-enhance-the-practice-of-psychological-therapies-a-working-bibliography/) - Assembled by Sarah Alsawy & Warren Mansell (August 2012) Historical and Philosophical Context Mansell, W. (2009). Understanding control and utilizing control theory in the science and practice of CBT. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 2, 115-117. Mansell, W. (2011). Editorial: Core processes of psychopathology and recovery: "Does the Dodo Bird Effect have wings?" Clinical Psychology Review,
- [An Introduction to Perceptual Control Theory— Standing at the Crossroads](https://www.iapct.org/pct/an-introduction-to-perceptual-control-theory-standing-at-the-crossroads/) - William T. Powers Many people have some sense of what control is about, but very few understand clearly how control works and even fewer (including control engineers) understand clearly what a control systems controls: Not "output" or "action" but perception of whatever is being controlled; that which action accomplishes. When you stop to think about
- [PCT Spotify Playlist](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/pct-spotify-playlist/)
- [Powers (1978) in Psychological Review - Evidence for PCT over Stimulus-Response approaches](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/powers-1978-in-psychological-review-evidence-for-pct-over-stimulus-response-approaches/) - "Quantitative Analysis of Purposive Systems: Some Spadework at the Foundations of Scientific Psychology" William T. Powers Psychological Review, 1978, Vol. 85, No. 5, 417-435 Powers1978Download
- [The Straits of W. T. Magellan: A Salute to W. T. Powers](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/the-straits-of-w-t-magellan-a-salute-to-w-t-powers/) - Martin Taylor Note: This salute to William T. Powers, the creator of Perceptual Control Theory (PCT), was posted to the CSGNet discussion list by Martin Taylor on September 15, 2016 and is posted here with his permission. In the early 1500's the "Spice Islands" (in the region around Indonesia and Malaysia) were a part of
- [Phil McNamee applies PCT to insight learning](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/phil-mcnamee-applies-pct-to-insight-learning/) - `‘EUREKA!’ Published on PCTweb 20th June 2011 EurekaMomentDownload
- [Objections to PCT Answered - "The Devil´s Bibliography"](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/objections-to-pct-answered-the-devils-bivliography/) - DEVIL'S .BIB Misunderstandings and distortions. See DISPUTE.PCT Unedited posts from archives of CSG-L (see INTROCSG.NET): This thread deals with myths, misunderstandings, and distortions offeedback, cybernetics and PCT. The term Devil's Bibliography was suggested and stuck. Thus this file is called DEVIL'S.BIB. ---------------- See file TOUGH_SE.LL for the following post by Tom Bourbon as a suitablestarting
- [Language Acquisition in Human Infants. Can Control Theory Provide an Integrative Account?](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/language-acquisition-in-human-infants-can-control-theory-provide-an-integrative-account/) - Emma-Jane Greig, & Warren Mansell (2011) LanguageAcquisitionPCTDownload
- [Perceptual Control Theory<br>A Model for Understanding the<br>Mechanisms and Phenomena of Control](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/perceptual-control-theorya-model-for-understanding-themechanisms-and-phenomena-of-control-2/) - William T. Powers, Bruce Abbott, Timothy A. Carey, David M. Goldstein, Warren Mansell, Richard S. Marken, Bruce Nevin, Richard Robertson, & Martin Taylor (2011) PCTUnderstanding-1Download
- [Discussion between Steven Hayes and Bill Powers (2011)](https://www.iapct.org/publications/other/discussion-between-steven-hayes-and-bill-powers-2011/) - Hello, all -- Attached is a nice article by Fred Nichols (http://www.nickols.us/ManageYOP.pdf) who is a management consultant and a long-time CSG (control system group) member. It has a bearing on the difference between ACT (Steve Hayes' therapy system) and MOL (the method of levels, which goes with PCT). People have to do their own controlling,
- [Modeling systems](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/modeling-systems/) - William T. Powers (2009) We hear quite a lot about models such as weather models which can be used to predict what will happen in the next few days, or models of colliding galaxies which show what happens to all the stars as they are deflected by the gravitation of all the other stars, or
- [The difference between causes and mechanisms of behavior](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/the-difference-between-causes-and-mechanisms-of-behavior/) - William T. Powers (2011) In PCT, we say that organisms learn control, not behavior. But the meaning of that isn't self-evident -- isn't controlling also behaving? The organization of a control system, in most cases, does not consist of inputs connected so they trigger specific behavior patterns a la mode Tinbergen. Instead, control results from
- [Deconstructing Health Inequity: A Perceptual Control Theory Perspective](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/deconstructing-health-inequity-a-perceptual-control-theory-perspective/) - Timothy A. Carey, Sara J. Tai, and Robert Griffiths Palgrave Macmillan; 1st ed. 2021 edition (April 5, 2021) Book Description This book offers a radically different perspective on the topic of health inequity. Carey, Tai, and Griffiths use Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) to deconstruct current approaches to understanding, investigating, and addressing problems of health inequity.
- [Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Approaches to a Science of Life. Word Pictures and Correlations versus Working Models](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/dialogue-concerning-thetwo-chief-approachesto-a-science-of-life/) - William T. Powers & Philip J. Runken Throughout this volume, Phil and Bill exchange candid assessments of the players, methods and dominant approaches in psychology and the social sciences, and the difficulties that go with advocating an entirely new framework for doing science. You follow Phil Runkel's thinking as he comes to grips with PCT
- [The Interdisciplinary Handbook of Perceptual Control Theory: Living Control Systems IV](https://www.iapct.org/publications/the-interdisciplinary-handbook-of-perceptual-control-theory-living-control-systems-iv/) - Edited by Warren Mansell First edition - May 16, 2020 The Interdisciplinary Handbook of Perceptual Control Theory brings together the latest research, theory, and applications from W. T. Powers’ Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) that proposes that the behavior of a living organism lies in the control of perceived aspects of both itself and its environment.
- [The Study of Living Control Systems](https://www.iapct.org/publications/the-study-of-living-control-systems/) - The Study of Living Control Systems, a handbook of research methodology in psychology by Richard S. Marken is available from Cambridge University Press and from booksellers (February 2021).
- [PCT: A Book of Readings. An Overview of the Third Grand Theory in Psychology Introductions, Readings, and Resources ](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/pct-a-book-of-readings/) - Dag Forssell, Editor The May 2016 edition is now a 424-page book that includes 34 papers with selections from 26 books. Subjects include psychotherapy, management, emotions, baby brain development, computer simulations and tutorials, scientific revolutions, dogma in psychology, scientific method, reverse engineering, robots, cybernetics, and more. xvi, 408 pages, 8.25x11 inches, illustrated, paperback. © 2016Living Control
- [People as Living Things. The Psychology of Perceptual Control](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/people-as-living-things/) - Philip J. Runkel © 2003 Philip J. Runkel. 539 pages, 8.25x11 inches, illustrated, paperback. Living Control Systems Publishing, Menlo Park, CA. ISBN 0-9740155-0-4 People-as-Living-Things-Runkel-2003Download
- [Patient-Perspective Care: A New Paradigm for Health Systems and Services](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/patient-perspective-care-a-new-paradigm-for-health-systems-and-services/) - Timothy A. Carey Routledge; 1st edition (December 1, 2017) Book description Inappropriate health care is an escalating and expensive problem. It affects high income, middle income, and low income countries and wastes billions of dollars annually as well as harming individuals and communities. Inappropriate care refers to both the overuse and underuse of tests and
- [Hold That Thought! Two Steps to Effective Counseling and Psychotherapy with the Method of Levels](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/hold-that-thought-two-steps-to-effective-counseling-and-psychotherapy-with-the-method-of-levels/) - Timothy A. Carey New View Pubns (January 1, 2008) Book description Believing that people with psychological problems get themselves better, Australian clinical psychologist, academic and researcher Timothy A. Carey introduces readers to the Method of Levels, an approach to psychotherapy based on a comprehensive scientific model of the behavior of living organisms. Carey's lighthearted style
- [Controlling PEOPLE: The Paradoxical Nature of Being Human](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/controlling-people-the-paradoxical-nature-of-being-human/) - Richard S. Marken, and Timothy A. Carey Australian Academic Press (February 3, 2016) Book description “We need to strive for a world where people control what is important to themselves while minimizing the controlling of others.” We are all controlling people. In fact our feelings of wellbeing depend on staying in control. Just as when
- [Principles-Based Counselling and Psychotherapy<br><small>A Method of Levels approach</small>](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/principles-based-counselling-and-psychotherapya-method-of-levels-approach/) - Timothy A. Carey, Warren Mansell, and Sara J. Tai 2015, Routledge. ISBN 9780415738781 Book Description Many current approaches to the treatment of psychological problems focus on specific disorders and techniques that are purported to be effective and distinct. Recent advances in knowledge and theory, however, have called into question this approach. The conceptual framework of
- [A Transdiagnostic Approach to CBT using Method of Levels Therapy: Distinctive Features (CBT Distinctive Features)](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/a-transdiagnostic-approach-to-cbt-using-method-of-levels-therapy-distinctive-features-cbt-distinctive-features/) - Warren Mansell, Timothy A. Carey, and Sara J. Tai Routledge; 1st edition (November 27, 2012) Book description Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for most mental health problems. Each different problem is usually treated by a different model of CBT. Yet evidence tells us that the same processes are responsible for long
- [The Reafference Principle and Control Theory](https://www.iapct.org/pct/the-reafference-principle-and-control-theory/) - William T. Powers ...small changes convert von Holst’s model into a true negative feedback control system. lf we assume with von Holst that a similar architecture holds at higher levels in the nervous system, we have a hierarchy of control systems. Reafference_principleDownload
- [A New Muscle Model](https://www.iapct.org/pct/a-new-muscle-model/) - If you are going to reverse engineer and then simulate living organisms and how they move about, it is important to simulate all the physics correctly, such as the ray tracing included in the Little Man. Here is a paper that offers significant improvements regarding simulating the actions of muscles.
- [32<sup>nd</sup> IAPCT Conference and 2022 Annual Meeting](https://www.iapct.org/events/2022-conference/) - 6-8 October 2022, we've organized our 32nd annual IAPCT conference, online.
- [REGISTRATION: 32nd IAPCT Conference and 2022 Annual Meeting](https://www.iapct.org/meeting/2022registration/) - Online conference from Thursday 6th to Saturday 8th of October 2022 ONLINE REGISTRATION: You can register for free by filling in this form: Loading… Conference Main Page Go to Conference Schedule
- [Welcome to the 32nd IAPCT Conference and 2022 Annual Meeting](https://www.iapct.org/meeting/conferenceportal/) - Information for subscribed participants Dear participant, We are happy that you registered to participate in our 32st IAPCT annual conference on October 6-8, 2022. We look forward to sharing with you the many facets of Perceptual Control Theory, with a wide range of speakers from many different fields. Conference program and abstracts: Extensive Zoom information:
- [Method of Levels](https://www.iapct.org/themes/method-of-levels/method-of-levels/) - Method of Levels introductory text to follow
- [Environmental Stability](https://www.iapct.org/themes/sociology-philosophy/environmental-stability/) - A comprehensive introduction to PCT and its implications for the social and physical environment, on a global scale, are described in an online article by Kent McClelland. There are also a number of online articles that relate PCT to environmental issues: e.g. Lenk (2009), Lengevin et al. (2015) & Lengevin et al. (2014). These include applications to maintaining homeland security and
- [Interventions for Mental Health Problems](https://www.iapct.org/themes/psychology-mental-health/interventions-for-mental-health-problems/) - When people find themselves struggling control has been disrupted. It is the loss of control not control, therefore, that is the problem when people are psychologically distressed.
- [Biology and Neuroscience](https://www.iapct.org/themes/biology-neuroscience/biology-and-neuroscience/) - Bill Powers developed PCT with biology in mind. We can split the relevance of PCT into two parts – function and structure.
- [Method of Levels online training](https://www.iapct.org/themes/method-of-levels/method-of-levels-online-training/) - In 2020 and 2021, Warren Mansell and Eva de Hullu organized an online MOL training to make the method and theory accessible for international participants. The training was hosted on a google site domain. The content of that site is replicated here for posterity. Ongoing International Online Method of Levels Training, 2020-2021 dr. Warren Mansell
- [The Rubber Band Demo](https://www.iapct.org/publications/papers/the-rubber-band-demo/) - Dag Forssell RubberBandPowersForssell1993Download
- [Understanding and Changing the Things You Do](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/understanding-and-changing-the-things-you-do/) - “Wow. I am impressed with this book! It is comprehensive, neatly structured, and provides a great scientific context for introducing Perceptual Control Theory to the layperson. The explanation builds up gradually over the chapters. Fantastic.” - Warren Mansell, DPhil, DClinPsy, CPsychol
- [PCT in 11 steps](https://www.iapct.org/pct/pct-in-11-steps/) - Control is a process of acting on the world we perceive to make it the way we want it to be, and to keep it that way. Examples of control: standing upright; walking; steering a car; scrambling eggs; scratching an itch; knitting socks; singing a tune. Extruding a pseudopod to absorb a nanospeck of food (all organisms control, not only human beings). The smallest organisms control by biochemical means, bigger ones by means of a nervous system.
- [Reorganization and Method of Levels (MOL)](https://www.iapct.org/pct/reorganization-and-method-of-levels-mol/) - A continuation of PCT in 11 Steps, this is an overview of how control systems may come into being, change, cause internal conflict, and ways to resolve internal conflict.
- [Perceptual Control Theory](https://www.iapct.org/pct/what-is-pct/) - Perceptual Control Theory (PCT), a scientific theory developed by William T. Powers (1973) posits that behavior is the control of perception.
- [Once around the loop](https://www.iapct.org/pct/once-around-the-loop/) - Elements of the control loop have been labeled slightly different by different people at different times and for different purposes, whether for a very plain explanation or for more mathematical treatment of the physical functions. Here is one way to think about it. One thing that sets control in living things apart from other conceptions
- [The Dispute Over Control Theory](https://www.iapct.org/pct/the-dispute-over-control-theory/) - Comparing behaviorism, cognitive psych and PCT. Misapprehensions and misstatements.
- [What’s wrong with ‘Behavioral Science’?](https://www.iapct.org/pct/whats-wrong-with-behavioral-science/) - Letter to Philip J. Runkel, November 8, 1985
- [The Tank that Filled Itself](https://www.iapct.org/pct/the-tank-that-filled-itself/) - The Road Not Taken to a scientific psychology.
- [Volition: a Semi-Scientific Essay](https://www.iapct.org/pct/volition-a-semi-scientific-essay/) - Every child wonders, sooner or later, how it is that simply wanting one’s hands, arms, legs, body, head, or eyes to move suffices to create the wanted result.... — So begins this lovely essay and overview of the fundamental issues that cry out for answers.
- [From Reorganization to Evolution and Back](https://www.iapct.org/pct/from-reorganization-to-evolution-and-back/) - From Reorganization to Evolution and Back The concept of reorganization as such is irrefutable, but how can it work? In this essay and final comments, Bill Powers touches on the source and evolution of his thinking over the years.
- [An Essay on the Obvious](https://www.iapct.org/pct/an-essay-on-the-obvious/) - A hard-hitting essay by the creator of PCT on what you see when you look at behavior through the eyes of a physical scientist.
- [Things I’d like to say if they wouldn’t think I’m a nut Or — Overgeneralizations that aren’t that far over.](https://www.iapct.org/pct/things-id-like-to-say-if-they-wouldnt-think-im-a-nut-or-overgeneralizations-that-arent-that-far-over/) - Another hard-hitting comment on the state of our contemporary behavioral sciences.
- [The Underpinnings of PCT; Systems Theory and PCT](https://www.iapct.org/pct/the-underpinnings-of-pct-systems-theory-and-pct/) - A discussion of the origin of PCT.
- [On emotions and PCT: A brief overview](https://www.iapct.org/pct/on-emotions-and-pct-a-brief-overview/) - Explaining emotion from a PCT perspective.
- [About Stimulus Response Theory and Perceptual Control Theory](https://www.iapct.org/pct/about-stimulus-response-theory-and-perceptual-control-theory/) - A short post to the Control System Group network (CSGnet) on the difference between cataloging behaviors and modeling systems that use behaviors to control perceptions.
- [Experience, Reality, and HPCT](https://www.iapct.org/pct/experience-reality-and-hpct/) - A short post to CSGnet on how we think about our senses, our experiences, and how we draw conclusions about the reality we live in (or whether we think we observe reality directly and merely need to report what we observe.
- [CT, PCT, RT, PCT again, MOL, and IAACT](https://www.iapct.org/pct/ct-pct-rt-pct-again-mol-and-iaact/) - Bill Powers discusses each of these acronyms: Control Theory, Perceptual Control Theory, Reality Therapy, The Method of Levels, and The International Association for Applied Control Theory.
- [On Computing Output](https://www.iapct.org/pct/on-computing-output/) - Notes on the notion that the brain plans our movements and issues commands to muscles, pre-computing the precise muscle movements for people or robots.
- [Perceptual Control Theory at 40](https://www.iapct.org/pct/perceptual-control-theory-at-40/) - This intro to PCT is slanted toward those coming into to this subject from the physical sciences. Bill Powers develops an argument that leads from conventional views of behavior to the new view that PCT gives us, emphasizing in the end the odd role that organisms, seen through the eyes of PCT, play in a world otherwise dominated by physical laws. The point will be to show that control theory provides us with the germ of a radically new understanding, a break with all traditional theories of behavior—and many new ones as well
- [PCT and Scientific Revolutions](https://www.iapct.org/pct/pct-and-scientific-revolutions/) - A short post to CSGnet with comments on LCS III
- [PCT in 11 Steps](https://www.iapct.org/pct/pct-in-11-steps-2/) - An outline of PCT written as a proposal for a series of TV programs
- [31<sup>st</sup> IAPCT Conference<br>and 2021 Annual Meeting](https://www.iapct.org/events/2021-conference/) - Online conference, October 2021
- [30<sup>th</sup> IAPCT Conference and 2020 Annual Meeting](https://www.iapct.org/events/2020-conference/) - Thursday & Friday, 8-9 0ctober 2020 (UT)
- [Methodoflevels.nl](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/methodoflevels-nl/) - Dutch website offering information and training on Method of Levels therapy. VISIT WEB
- [Ten Minutes - An Introduction to PCT](https://www.iapct.org/pct/introduction/ten-minutes-an-introduction-to-pct/) - An effective introductory summary of what PCT is all about, by Bill Powers
- [Bill Powers on Perceptual Control Theory](https://www.iapct.org/pct/bill-powers-on-perceptual-control-theory/) - About Perceptual Control Theory (PCT), some history, status, and what you will experience when studying PCT. Highlights from an introductory essay William T. (Bill) Powers wrote in May, 1980
- [remindweb.com](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/remindweb-com/) - Discovering new perspectives. Method of Levels (MOL) in Spanish.
- [Development of this IAPCT site](https://www.iapct.org/news/iapct-website-in-development/) - Eva de Hullu and Matias Salgado have been working on this IAPCT website. Its purpose is to present PCT to the world, to connect people and ideas around Perceptual Control Theory and to provide a home for the many articles, posts and websites with information about PCT over the last decades. The site runs in
- [The Method of Levels— How to do Psychotherapy Without Getting in the Way](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/the-method-of-levels-how-to-do-psychotherapy-without-getting-in-the-way/) - Timothy A. Carey .© 2006 Timothy A. Carey. 200 pages, 8.25x11 inches, illustrated, ISBN 978-0-9740155-4-5 (softcover) 978-1-938090-02-8 (hardcover). Living Control Systems Publishing, Menlo Park, CA. Method-of-Levels-MOL-Tim-Carey-2006-How-to-do-Psychotherapy-without-getting-in-the-wayDownload
- [Management and Leadership: Insight for Effective Practice](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/management-and-leadership-insight-for-effective-practice/) - Dag Forssell © 2008 Dag C. Forssell. 104 pages, 8.25x11 inches, illustrated, paperback. Living Control Systems Publishing, Menlo Park, CA. ISBN 0-9740155-5-5 Management-Leadership-Forssell-2013Download
- [Control in the Classroom. An Adventure in Learning and Achievement](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/control-in-the-classroom-an-adventure-in-learning-and-achievement/) - Timothy A. Carey © 2012 Timothy A. Carey. 178 pages, 6.7 x 9.6 inches, illustrated. Living Control Systems Publishing, Hayward, CA. Paperback: ISBN 0-9740155-4-7 Hardcover: ISBN 978-1-938090-11-0 Control-Classroom-Carey-2012Download
- [Casting Nets and Testing Specimens— Two Grand Methods of Psychology](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/casting-nets-and-testing-specimens-two-grand-methods-of-psychology/) - Phil Runkel © 1990, 2007, Philip J. Runkel 8.25x11 inches, illustrated. Living Control Systems Publishing, Menlo Park, CA. ISBN 0-9740155-7-1 CasttingNetsRunkel2007Download
- [Ways of Learning and Knowing: The Epistemology of Education](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/ways-of-learning-and-knowing-the-epistemology-of-education/) - Hugh G. Petrie © 2012 by Hugh G. Petrie. 371 pages, 6.7 x 9.6 inches, illustrated. Living Control Systems Publishing, Menlo Park, CA. Paperback: ISBN 978-1-938090-06-6 Hardcover: ISBN 978-1-938090-07-3 LearningKnowingPetrie2012Download
- [The Dilemma of Enquiry and Learning](https://www.iapct.org/publications/books/the-dilemma-of-enquiry-and-learning/) - Hugh G. Petrie © 1981, 2011 Hugh G. Petrie. 252 pages, 6.7 x 9.6 inches, illustrated. Living Control Systems Publishing, Hayward, CA. Paperback: ISBN 978-0-9740155-3-8 Hardcover: ISBN 978-1-938090-04-2 DilemmaEnquiryLearningPetrie2011Download
- [williamtuke.org](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/williamtuke-org-2/) - The William Tuke Research Foundation was founded in 2020 by Dr. Anamaria Churchman and Danny Whittaker, inspired by a mutual interest in the interplay of mental health and social hardship, and the shared desire to create a credible research organization that marries together novel, innovative mental health research with ambitious, grassroots community projects.
- [perceptualcontrol.nl](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/perceptualcontrol-nl/) - Eva’s been writing about perceptual control and method of levels therapy since 2019. On her current site she blogs in Dutch about perception, control and method of levels therapy for a public of lay people and people with a background in psychology. Articles translated to English are available at https://perceptualcontrol.nl/english/ VISIT SITE
- [Shelley Roy](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/shelley-roy/) - Life - Leadership - Organization & Pedagogical Coach with over 40 years of experience. VISIT WEB
- [Allison Powers](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/allison-powers/) - Allison Powers established a Facebook page, WTPowersArchives, about Bill Powers’ personal archives at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Review and indexing of the materials is underway. Archivist: Kevin Leonard.
- [Martin Taylor](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/martin-taylor/) - Martin Taylor, a long-time contributor to CSGnet considers his Layered Protocol Theory to be a subset of PCT. Here are some of his musings: http://www.mmtaylor.net/PCT/
- [Fred Nickols](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/fred-nickols/) - Management Consultant Fred Nickols has written several papers introducing PCT in plain management language
- [Bruce Nevin](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/bruce-nevin/) - Bruce Nevin, longtime PCT contributor, has written a number of papers about PCT for linguists and about linguistics for PCT researchers.
- [Richard Kennaway](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/richard-kennaway/) - Research Fellow at the school of computing sciences at the University of East Anglia and collaborator with Bill Powers on Bill’s 2008 book Living Control Systems III
- [drtimcarey.com](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/drtimcarey-com/) - VISIT SITE
- [methodoflevels.info](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/methodoflevels-info/) - VISIT SITE
- [expressline.uk](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/expressline-uk/) - VISIT SITE
- [williamtuke.org](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/williamtuke-org/) - VISIT SITE
- [PerceptualRobots.com](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/perceptualrobots-com/) - Website hosted by Dr Rupert Young, an independent researcher and technologist.
- [BiologyOfLaw.org](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/biologyoflaw-org/) - Hugh Gibbons’ website in support of and as a follow-on to The Death of Jeffrey Stapleton. This site introduces the idea that the sense of justice and law is rooted in our biology and therefore rather uniform around the globe and throughout history. Will is explained using the concepts of PCT.
- [TheWonderWeeks.com](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/thewonderweeks-com/) - Website supporting The Wonder Weeks: How to stimulate your babyÂ’s mental development and help him turn his 10 predictable, great, fussy phases into magical leaps forward, by Hetty van de Rijt-Plooij and Frans Plooij. This book shows how and when the levels of perception outlined by Hierarchical PCT develop in human infants. The English edition enjoys excellent reviews, saying that the predictions about the timing and nature of infant mental development in the first 20 months are right on.
- [PCTresources.com    with CSGnet](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/pctresources-com-with-csgnet/) - Site focused on PCT resources and CSG archives. CSGnet, the email list originated in 1992, can be downloaded from here and read in its entirety. Threads on various subjects, created in the early 1990s, called by some "The Best of CSGnet" are featured as pdf files, ensuring that formatting and ASCII figures are properly displayed. The email list was shut down in December 2020, but discussion continues on the IAPCT Discourse forum. CSGnet email since 1992 is all included in Discourse. Earlier CSGnet posts from 1990, 1991, and the first part of 1992 are in this archive.
- [MethodOfLevels.com.au/](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/methodoflevels-com-au/) - Tim Carey's comprehensive website featuring The Method of Levels (MOL). MOL is a way of talking to people or, perhaps more accurately, a way of helping people listen to themselves, and helping them resolve their emotional distress by themselves, without the therapist "getting in the way" as Tim put it.
- [LivingControlSystems.com](https://www.iapct.org/publications/websites/livingcontrolsystems-com/) - Originated as a site in support of Phil Runkel's major work People as Living Things, the site expanded to include an extensive list and presentation of PCT literature, post papers on PCT as well as and tutorials and simulations for DOS and Windows computers. The Book of Readings, aka the "PCT Handbook", is a major reference for PCT.
- [MoL Discussions](https://www.iapct.org/themes/method-of-levels/mol-discussions/) - Latest discussions in the Method of Levels section on Discourse
- [Robotics](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/robotics/)
- [Education](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/education/)
- [Conference](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/conference/)
- [Economics & Marketing](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/economics-marketing/)
- [Biology & Neuroscience](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/biology-neuroscience/)
- [Psychology & Mental Health](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/psychology-mental-health/)
- [Film, Media & Literature](https://www.iapct.org/uncategorized/film-media-literature/) - "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat
- [IAPCT conference](https://www.iapct.org/iapct/iapct-conference/) - Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) is the science of purpose: how living things use their actions to produce intended results in an unpredictably changing environment. The technical term for this is control. PCT provides a unified and comprehensive theory and research methodology for the many sciences of life, including biology, ethology, neuroscience, psychology, linguistics, anthropology, and sociology, among others.

## Pages

- [home](https://www.iapct.org/) - Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) provides a mathematical foundation, a common methodology, and an integrating framework for the sciences of life. It explains the observation that living things control perceptual variables that are important to them, and that their behavior resists environmental disturbances influencing those variables, a phenomenon called perceptual control. PCT models control mathematically as analog computation in a hierarchy of negative-feedback control systems in the brain.
- [IAPCT membership](https://www.iapct.org/iapct-membership/) - How to become an IAPCT member To join, our membership fees are US$60.00 for a full Professional Membership, and US$10.00 for a Student Membership per year. Payment can be made by either by going to PayPal or by sending a check to our Treasurer, Bruce Nevin (ask for the address by contacting our Secretary). Whether using PayPal
- [MOL Practitioners](https://www.iapct.org/method-of-levels/mol-practitioners/) - Find an MOL therapist or supervisor suiting your needs This directory features Method of Levels (MOL) practitioners from around the world who are committed to helping clients through this innovative therapeutic approach based on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT). Practitioners who have completed the IAPCT's extensive MOL accreditation program, are highlighted on this list. Add yourself
- [Executive Board](https://www.iapct.org/executive-board/) - IAPCT Executive Board 2024-2025 President Eva de Hullu (NL) Vice President Tom Merrill (UK) Secretary Joanne Forsyth (UK) Treasurer Bruce Nevin (US) At-Large Director Susan McCormack (UK) The board is governed by our bylaws and by the objectives identified by IAPCT members at the annual meeting in August 2017. Our monthly board meetings are open for members to attend,
- [Make a Donation](https://www.iapct.org/make-a-donation/) - Donations to the IAPCT are tax deductible in the US. To make a donation, use paypal (https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/iapct) or get in touch with our treasurer.
- [Presenter's guide](https://www.iapct.org/presenters-guide/) - Guidelines & tips for presenting at the IAPCT conference and submitting a prerecorded talk. Update: September 9, 2025 This year’s conference setup is like Perth, in 2024, in a hybrid, local and online format. We used to have prerecorded versions of all talks available, but given this years' schedule, we could leave it to presenters
- [Method of Levels](https://www.iapct.org/method-of-levels/) - Method of Levels (MOL) is a psychotherapeutic approach rooted in Perceptual Control Theory (PCT). Developed by William T. Powers and further shaped by Tim Carey, MOL views psychological problems as control problems—situations where a person experiences conflicts between competing goals or a loss of control that cannot be effectively resolved. MOL is distinctive in its
- [Learning MOL](https://www.iapct.org/method-of-levels/learning-mol/) - List of sites offering training online or offline Find a supervision or intervision group to learn and practice together [list available groups + contact options, perhaps on a separate page]
- [IAPCT.org](https://www.iapct.org/iapct-org/) - The International Association for Perceptual Control Theory (IAPCT) is a nonprofit corporation organized to support research in Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) and the further development and use of the theory to integrate diverse fields and to inform a wide range of applications. To disseminate the results of such work, IAPCT promotes publishing, conferences, and other activities.. PCT
- [IAPCT BYLAWS](https://www.iapct.org/iapct-bylaws/) - IAPCT-Bylaws2020Download
- [William T. Powers](https://www.iapct.org/powers/) - Bill Powers (1926-2013) – The Developer of PCT This is William T. Powers - ‘Bill’ to everyone who knew him Bill Powers demonstrating "Hierarchies of control" Audios Interview with Bill Powers on Origins of PCT - Part 1 Interview with Bill Powers on Origins of PCT - Part 2 Quick Links Perceptual Control Theory Archives
- [IAPCT 2022 Conference schedule](https://www.iapct.org/schedule2022/) - Open the program in google docs (for printing) or view below. View the session times in your own google calendar through this link. > Conference Main Page
- [Contributing to the IAPCT.org website](https://www.iapct.org/contributing-to-the-iapct-org-website/) - Sharing your materials with us If you want to contribute a single page/paper/post and need some help getting it on our site, please prepare them according to the short list below and then send your materials to Matias or Eva through e-mail. Please take into consideration that we're all volunteering and make this as easy
- [Forum](https://www.iapct.org/forum/) - Over the last decades, people interested in Perceptual Control Theory have been communicating through various means. The latest tool we have at our disposal is the IAPCT discourse forum. This forum contains public discussions about the theory and its applications. You are welcome to read and join the discussions. To view the discussion forum go
- [PCT Websites +](https://www.iapct.org/pct-websites-and-more/)
- [William T. Powers](https://www.iapct.org/william-t-powers/) - William T. Powers, the engineer/psychologist who developed Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) passed away on May 24, 2013 at the age of 86. He will be laid to rest next to his wife, Mary, in a cemetery overlooking the city of Durango, CO. His work will continue, pursued by those who came to know Powers and
- [Archive](https://www.iapct.org/archive/)
- [What is PCT?](https://www.iapct.org/what-is-pct/) - text from pctweb.org A simple start… PCT stands for Perceptual Control Theory. Big words, eh? The ‘big idea’ behind PCT is simple but don’t be surprised if it takes a while to get your head around. This is it…. ‘Behaviour is the control of perception’ That’s it. Or more simply, we do things to get

## Categories

- [Uncategorized](https://www.iapct.org/category/uncategorized/)
- [News](https://www.iapct.org/category/news/) - News articles
- [IAPCT](https://www.iapct.org/category/iapct/)
- [Publications](https://www.iapct.org/category/publications/)
- [Books](https://www.iapct.org/category/publications/books/)
- [PCT Websites](https://www.iapct.org/category/publications/websites/)
- [Other](https://www.iapct.org/category/publications/other/)
- [Events](https://www.iapct.org/category/events/)
- [Themes](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/) - Materials describing various applications of PCT, ordered in themes
- [Sociology & Philosophy](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/sociology-philosophy/)
- [Biology & Neuroscience](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/biology-neuroscience/)
- [Economics & Marketing](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/economics-marketing/)
- [Education](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/education/)
- [Film, Media and Literature](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/film-media-and-literature/)
- [Psychology & Mental Health](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/psychology-mental-health/)
- [Method of Levels](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/method-of-levels/)
- [Robotics and AI](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/robotics-and-ai/)
- [Management](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/management/)
- [PCT](https://www.iapct.org/category/pct/) - materials explaining pct directly
- [Introduction](https://www.iapct.org/category/pct/introduction/) - Introductions to pct
- [Bill Powers](https://www.iapct.org/category/pct/bill-powers/)
- [Papers](https://www.iapct.org/category/publications/papers/) - Papers and articles (in the public domain or with iapct copyright) about Perceptual Control Theory
- [Demonstrations](https://www.iapct.org/category/demonstrations/) - Demonstrations of Perceptual Control
- [Meeting](https://www.iapct.org/category/meeting/)
- [Social](https://www.iapct.org/category/social/)
- [In Memoriam](https://www.iapct.org/category/in-memoriam/)
- [Religion](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/religion/)
- [Computational Models](https://www.iapct.org/category/themes/computational-models/)

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